1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在一些表示主观判断,建议,命令和要求的动词后的宾语从句中,常用should +do,should可以省略。这类动词包括:insist(坚持),order(命令),command(命令),advise(建议),suggest(建议),propose(提议),recommend(建议),demand(要求),require(要求),request(要求),desire(期望)urge(力劝)等。
I suggested we (should ) go swimming this weekend. 我建议我们这个周末去游泳。
They demanded that the playground be open on holidays. 他们要求操场在假日开放。
易错点提示:
①insist表示坚持事实情况时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气。
②suggest表示暗示,表明时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气。
She insists that taking exercise benefits a lot. 她坚持认为锻炼很有好处。
Her pale face suggested that she was angry. 她苍白的脸色表明她生气了。
(2)wish后宾语从句表达难以实现的愿望,往往根据时间的不同:表示将来的愿望;现在的愿望;过去的愿望,谓语动词有不同的形式。
表示将来难以实现的愿望:谓语动词用would/should/could/might+do
表示现在难以实现的愿望:谓语动词用 did/were
表示过去难以实现的愿望:谓语动词用had done或would/could/might+have done
How I wish it would stop raining tomorrow. 我多么希望明天雨就停了。
I wish I were 18 years old. 我希望我是18岁。
I wished I had never seen you. 我真希望从没见过你。
I wish I could have seen the film yesterday. 我要是昨天能看那部电影就好了。
2.主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is +形容词/名词/某些动词的过去分词+that从句中,从句的谓语动词用should+do,should可以省略。
常用的形容词有:important(重要的), necessary(必要的), strange(奇怪的)natural(自然的), advisable(合理的), urgent(紧急的), vital(至关重要的)等。
常用的名词有:pity(遗憾), shame(羞愧)
常用的过去分词有:ordered(命令的), demanded(要求的), desired(期望的), suggested(建议的)proposed(建议的), recommended(推荐的), required(要求的)等。
It is important that we should get ready for everything in advance. 我们应该提前做好一切准备,这是很重要的。
It’s a pity that he should have missed the wonderful game. 真遗憾,他竟然错过了这场精彩的比赛。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off. 有人建议会议应该推迟。
3.表语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)当主语为表示命令,建议,劝告等的名词是,表语从句的谓语动词用should+do,should可以省略。常用的名词有:order(命令),advice(建议),suggestion(建议),proposal(建议),demand(要求),requirement(要求), desire(渴望),necessity(必要性)等。
His suggestion is that we should take exercise for an hour every day. 他的建议是我们应该每天锻炼一小时。
(2)在as if/as though引导的表语从句中,表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用were/did,表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用had done。
It seemed as if it were summer already. 好像已经是夏天了。
It looked as if the town had been deserted for many years. 这个城镇看起来已经荒废多年了。
如果as if/as though 引导的表语从句中的情况有迹象表明可以成为事实,有时从句的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。
4.同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示命令,建议,计划,想法等的同位语从句中,谓语动词常用should+do,should可以省略。
Our teacher has given suggestions that we should do more reading. 老师建议我们多读书。
He made a proposal that we should stop the action immediately. 他建议我们立即停止行动。